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The year of 2020 has been a crucial year for the EU security and defence. Different initiatives previously undertaken by the EU to enhance defence cooperation have produced their very first (not always positive) results. These initiatives include the Coordinated Annual Review on Defence (CARD), the Strategic Compass, the new European Defence Fund (EDF), and the Strategic Review of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO).

The CARD Report, published by the European Defense Agency (EDA), provided the very first comprehensive overview of the European defence landscape. In addition, the Strategic Compass has been launched during Germany’s Presidency of the Council of the EU. This initiative is expected to strengthen a common European security and defence culture. The initial threat analysis was completed in November 2020 and Member States will adopt the final Strategic Compass document in early 2022.[1] At the end of 2020 the Council also adopted the regulation laying down the EU’s

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[1] European External Action Service (EEAS), ‘Towards a Strategic Compass’, November 2020, (https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/towards_a_strategic_compass_20_november.pdf). Consulted on December 22, 2020.